Role of a judge and role of a defense attorney Research Paper

Role of a judge and role of a defense attorney - Research Paper Example By applying all these roles, the judge sets to become independent in the courtroom. One of the advantages of this is to enable to promote equality in the treatment of case trials leading to appropriate verdict. On the other hand, this would also promote equal chance for each party in the courtroom to appropriately present their individual cases and story in order to determine facts. On the other hand, the interdependence of the judge with other courtroom personnel would turn out the trial to be more technical particularly in the determination of facts because the proof beyond reasonable doubt has to be consistently created on both sides during the case trial. In addition, the interdependence of the judge with the jury could possibly make it hard to eliminate personal bias and conviction during the acual process of hearing and deciding a case. For this reason, it is important for the judge to employ more dynamic house rules, to promote ethical and legal standards. This substantially w ould lead to a balancing act in shaping substantive and procedural law. 2. It is the obligation of defense attorney to defend the client in a lawsuit from either criminal or civil case (Siegel, 2009, p.409). The real responsibility is to aim for probable acquital as there is a need to substantially increase the burden of proof on the part of the prosecutor to prevent conviction in as much as possible. In some cases, the defense attorney may also serve as the one who would make the verdict lighter for the guilty. In general, the defense attorney defends the client in a lawsuit while ensuring legal ethics, so as not to mislead the court with wrong information (Neubauer & Fradella, 2010, p.168). In this case, the defense attorneys are trying to be independent with the prosecutor and the judge as they would create substantial appeal to nullify the evidences pointed against the accused. In this case, they should deviate

The central ethical issue Essay Example for Free

The central ethical issue Essay At first glance, it can be difficult to immediately discern and identify the main, or central, ethical issue that revolves around the case (‘Parenting Parents’) that chronicles Mary’s struggles pertaining to her parents’ problem about substance use and abuse. It is because there are some other issues that can also be of ethical and moral concern. Firstly, we can directly question the integrity of Mary’s parents by giving their children a â€Å"burden† because of their being alcoholic. Moreover, although they can fulfill their functions as parents and as members of the community, it is evident that they did not live as a good example to their growing children because of their inclination and addiction to alcohol, which caused worries to their children, especially to Mary. On the other hand, since Mary’s parents were able to consult their physician, they should also have received an adequate advice, aside from receiving a mere prescription of medication, or perhaps a referral to a specialist, in order to correct their alcohol abuse and alleviate their condition. Unfortunately, in Mary’s eyes, the condition of her parents seemed to have been aggravated with the addition of the narcotic medication into their system (body). In this regard, a greater responsibility is now placed on the prescribing physician due to the fact that Mary’s parents believed that there was really nothing wrong with the dosage and that it was â€Å"legally prescribed†. Therefore, the central ethical issue in the case must be on the appropriateness, or otherwise, of the actions of the prescribing physician (by prescribing higher dosage of narcotic medication), as well as the fact that there was no sufficient information given to them about the treatment regimen, thus leaving inadequate knowledge and augmenting Mary’s apprehension about the status of her parent’s health. II. Research 1. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? tool=pmcentrezartid=1769525 The research-article by Robert L. Fine (2007) entitled ‘Ethical and practical issues with opioids in life-limiting illness’ explores the vast ethical and practical concepts pertaining to narcotic pain management. The article presented a substantial connection of ethics and practice through purposeful application of knowledge and evidence-based practice. Further, the article also refutes some common psychosocial and practical misconceptions about narcotics such as the beliefs that these medications cause respiratory depression and addiction. Moreover, the said article is especially relevant to this paper because it renders a significant idea about the higher dosages of narcotics to alcoholic patients, which, according to Fine, is because of their â€Å"incredible tolerance to opioids or narcotics†, thereby necessitating an increased dosage to effectively manage their pain while having a â€Å"strict dosing protocols and written contracts†. Hence, the article emphasized that patients who are substance abusers (like Mary’s parents) should be managed with compassion and suggested the importance of providing information and conducting proper education, not only to the patients but also to their families and significant others, regarding the overall effects of the medication in order to correct the underlying misconceptions and lessen their anxiety, as well as referring them to addiction specialists or psychiatrists. 2. http://www. ama-assn. org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/opinion9032. shtml The above link represents a portion of the American Medical Association’s Code of Ethics, specifically the subtitle on ‘Reporting Adverse Drug or Device Events’ (American Medical Association â€Å"Opinion 9. 032†). In this manner, it is stipulated in this portion that the physicians have an ethical responsibility to report actual or potential adverse reactions of a certain medication or a devise to the broader medical community. Moreover, the said article augments that physicians belong to a group that could best monitor and report any adverse or untoward reactions, as well to communicate relevant information about to a certain drug or medication (American Medical Association â€Å"Opinion 9. 032†). Thus, this article poses its relevance to the central ethical issue in this paper since it highlights the physicians’ responsibility to provide and communicate information to all stakeholders. 3. http://clinicalcenter. nih. gov/participate/patientinfo/legal/bill_of_rights. shtml The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center’s article on the ‘Patient Bill of Rights’ is the one that is represented by the above link. In so doing, the so-called patient bill of rights typifies the right of the patients to complete current information pertaining to all aspects of their care, which must obtained from the physician. Moreover, all the necessary information must be given in â€Å"easily understandable terms† (National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center â€Å"Patient Bill of Rights†). As such, the said article is relevant to this paper because it highlights the importance of providing information about the patients’ treatment, which fairly includes the medication regimen that is particularly involved in the discussion of the central ethical issue of this paper.

Johnny Carson :: essays research papers

Johnny Carson was born on October 23, 1925, in Corning, Iowa. He was raised in Norfolk, Nebraska and attended the University of Nebraska. The actor/comedian was the host of NBC's Tonight Show from 1962 to 1992 and, though he inherited the hosting duties of the program from Jack Parr, defined the show and became the icon for late night television. For those thirty years, Johnny Carson was arguably the most popular entertainer in the country and America's most identifiable celebrity on television. Carson served in the Navy from 1943 to 1946 and moved to California in 1950 where he began working in television and radio. The first show he hosted was called "Carson's Cellar" and aired in 1951. He also wrote and performed on The Red Skeleton Show in 1954. In 1956 Carson moved to New York City and he hosted the television game show Who Do You Trust? from 1958 to 1963. During that show's successful run as ABC's top daytime program, Carson was invited to appear on The Tonight Show. His first guest appearance was in 1958 and in 1962 Johnny began a thirty year job as the show's front man. Interestingly, he co.-wrote the famous "Johnny's Theme" that opened each show with Paul Anka in 1962 and receives residuals from each daily performance to this day. The first guest of the Carson era was Groucho Marx who introduced Johnny to his new audience. Johnny Carson became known for his relaxed manner, witty commentary, and impersonations. His opening monologue became a national institution and Carson was trusted to such a degree that when he jokingly announced a shortage on toilet paper in 1973 it truly became the "Great Toilet Paper Shortage of 1973." Reports of hoarding and buying extreme quantities were off-kilter proof of his societal impact. Critics sung the praises of his monologues, describing its import in glowing terms: "a magnifying glass on American culture," and "a national institution." Johnny Carson was the most valuable asset in television, making The Tonight Show NBC's biggest money maker and its most consistently high rated program. Johnny Carson was the last person millions of Americans saw before going to sleep every night and The Tonight Show became a cultural tradition that spanned generations and races. Known for a combination of Midwestern charm and cosmopolitan wit, Johnny created the standard for late night television as well as some of TV's most enduring characters. A typical show would include Ed McMahon's introduction, "Heeere's Johnny!", a topical monologue, that famous golf swing followed by interviews with celebrities and common people, and of course, Doc Severinsen's music.

Current Event Research Paper Essay

The research paper I found to discuss was a study done on motivation in the work place in a hotel in Konya, Turkey. Since I am currently in the hotel industry I find it very interesting that these individuals were able to conduct a mathematical analysis of what drives employees to stay committed in the work place. The three factors they tested to see which had the highest effect on employees were intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and work motivation. In this study they had employees fill out a survey based on a 5-point scale that consisted of a list of questions pertaining to their work environment and the outcome of certain situations. This study was based on a single 5 star hotel that contained about 500 employees, only about 120 participated in the study. Researchers broke the results down into a mathematical problem that started equal for each of the three factors but then increased/decreased based on test results. They also had a percentage breakdown of age range and gender so you knew the different variables they were working with. The problem they were trying to solve was to see how to keep employees from leaving a company since employee turnover is much more costly than keeping long term employees. I know from my experience that employees need motivation when at work especially in an industry as difficult as hospitality. This test was important to conduct because as managers and supervisors we need to know what keeps our employees going and striving. The result of this study proved to be very informative and helpful when better understanding employee’s basic needs. Researchers were able to find out what the most important factor is and what the least important factor is for employees when we are trying to keep them committed to a company. The first result of this study showed that intrinsic was the most important  motivational factor. This means that employees value being treated as a human more than anything else. Instead of treating employees like they are just a working piece of a machine, they want to know that they are viewed as a social human beings who are important to the organization as a whole. I know from personal experience in this industry that this result is spot on, you can give employees raises but if they don’t feel appreciated within your company or even just your department then they will shut down. This is a very important result to see so that management can see that basic respect of employees by their leaders makes all the difference. The second most important factor for commitment showed to be extrinsic motivation. I was surprised to find that this actually wasn’t the highest result since people generally work towards moving up at their job. This result showed that it is important to reward employees with promotions, salary increases, etc. which I feel is basic common knowledge that you should have as a manager. In my hotel I reward my employees with incentives for receiving good guest reviews which I feel is important to show them that not only are they doing a great job but I want them to be rewarded for going above and beyond for our guests. The outcome of this study shows that in fact employees do need to receive monetary compensation for a job well done alongside praise and respect for doing their job well. The last result was work motivation which showed to have absolutely no effect in this case study. In this specific study it presents that work motivation has no effect on employee’s commitment to a company thus making it irrelevant to this study. Work motivation is the basic internal and external factors management uses to keep their employees going at work. This did surprise me that it has no effect on employee’s commitment to their company since I would feel like if you are being motivated to do your work you would want to stay with that company. I found this entire study to be very interesting since I do work in this specific field so it is good to know as a manager what will make my employees want to stay with the company. I think all in all they went about this study the right way by breaking it down into three factors and calculating it down to percentages and using a 5-point system to rank from most important to least important. I would say that maybe if this test was conducted again that they break it down by department so it was more specified as well as ha ving more participants in the survey so the results  would be more validated.

Pricing strategy Essay

Home depot is a store dealing with home appliances and other household consumables. I will look at the pricing strategy of refrigerators. Most prices of different brands of refrigerators are set to match the prices of their competitors. This is because mostly the competitors are operating in the same environment. it is essential to offer better quality brands with the same price as competitors. However when setting the price, the objective is to ensure profitability of the firm is taken care by the price set. The profit firm must incorporate capital requirements and the associated gains that cover the expenses of the organization. Always the profit considered in price setting is equals to price less cost of sales. While capital gains is equivalent the current assets and fixed assets running costs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In choosing the target, market for refrigerator is made during the construction of sores. However the in which they are operating attracts the customers. Take an example of the New York most people have excess disposable income to spend and there are utilities that support the refrigerator in almost all homes.   The company has reported that they have high expectation in the stead rise through to 2025 for product. Another important factor in the increase of consumers are the aging population with large pensions and young business executives with more excessive funds. In fact, this two groups forms an important consumer segment of home depot refrigerators. The customer has carried the consumer assessment they have adapted market oriented determination and differential.   References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schaik J.L., (2002); The Task of Marketing Management; J.L. van Schaik (Pity) ltd

Determination of the Enthalpy for Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Essays

Determination of the Enthalpy for Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Essays Determination of the Enthalpy for Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Paper Determination of the Enthalpy for Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Paper Determination of the Enthalpy for Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Objective: To construct a coffee cup calorimeter, measure its calorimeter constant, and determine the enthalpy of decomposition and formation of hydrogen peroxide. Background: This experiment is a classic thermodynamics lab. In it, we attempt to measure the enthalpy (? H) of a chemical reaction. The main obstacle is that this is a quantity that cannot be measured directly. It instead is observed as heat from one substance is transferred to another while being monitored with a thermometer. A temperature change in a known substance (such as water) can be related to a certain amount of heat (q). q ? ? mass ? ?T f ? Ti ? ? Specific heat ? Our calorimeter is going to be a set of Styrofoam coffee cups. These cups are well known insulators, and they should keep most heat inside themselves. They are not perfect, however, and they will absorb some of the heat from the process, so we need to determine the calorimeter constant. For any process, the first law of thermodynamics must be followed. ?E ? 0 ? qsystem ? surroundings However, if the calorimeter itself is going to absorb some energy, it must be accounted for as well. ?E ? 0 ? qsystem ? qsurroundings ? qcalorimeter In the first portion of our experiment, a known mass of water with a known temperature will be used to determine how much energy is being absorbed by the calorimeter. Once this is known, the change in enthalpy from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be determined. 2H2O2(aq) ? 2H2O(l) + O2(g) A solution o f hydrogen peroxide will be added to the calorimeter and its temperature will be monitored for a short time. A small amount of iron nitrate will be added to catalyze the reaction and produce a measureable temperature change. This temperature change will be plotted over time. Using this plot, the mass of solution, its specific heat, the calorimeter constant, and the temperature change, we will be able to determine the enthalpy for the reaction. Procedure Week One – Determination of the calorimeter constant Objective – To measure the amount of energy absorbed by the calorimeter while observing a change in temperature. 1. Using a top loading balance, determine the mass of Styrofoam cup and a stir bar. . Place about 100mL of warm deionized water in the cup. Monitor its temperature for 3-4 minutes. Record the temperature every minute. 3. Using a top loading balance, determine the mass of a second Styrofoam cup and a stir bar. 4. Place about 100mL of room temperature water in the cup. Monitor its temperature for 34 minutes. Record the temperature every minute. 5. When the temperatur e of the warm water is about 20? C above the room temperature water, quickly pour it into the room temperature water. Continue monitoring the temperature and recording it every minute. . After several minutes, when the temperature is no longer changing quickly, record the mass of the combined water. 7. Repeat this procedure at least one more time. Week One – Preparation of a standard potassium permanganate solution Objective: To prepare a potassium permanganate solution with a known concentration. This will be used in a second week to standardize a hydrogen peroxide solution. 1. Obtain enough potassium permanganate to make 250. 0mL of a 0. 02M solution. NOTE: Use the analytical balance for this operation. It is NOT necessary to get exactly the amount you calculated. It is only important to be close to this amount, and to record the amount you took accurately. 2. Dissolve this in a small amount of water before diluting it to a final volume of 250. 0mL in a volumetric flask. 3. Transfer this to a clean dry bottle, and store it for use next week. Week Two – Determination of the Concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Objective: Determine the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and use this result to know how many moles are being decomposed. 1. Pipet 2. 0mL of hydrogen peroxide into a small Erlenmeyer flask. Add about 10mL of 4. 0M H2SO4 and 50mL of deionized water. 2. Rinse and fill a buret with the potassium permanganate solution that was prepared last week. 3. Start to titrate the solution. It should stay clear until the end point is reached. The endpoint is the lightest permanent pink color that persists. 4. Repeat so that you have three precise trials. 5. Calculate the concentratio n of the hydrogen peroxide solution. The balanced chemical equation is written below. 2MnO4-(aq) + 5H2O2(aq) + 6H+(aq) ? Mn2+(aq) + 5O2(g) + 8H2O(l) Week Two – Enthalpy of Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide Objective: Use the calorimeter from last week to determine the enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 1. Add 50. 0mL of hydrogen peroxide to the tared Styrofoam cup using a graduated cylinder. 2. Obtain 10. 0mL of 0. 5M iron(III)nitrate in a graduated cylinder. 3. Start recording the temperature of the hydrogen peroxide solution. At the five minute mark, quickly add the iron nitrate, but do not record the temperature. 4. At the six minute mark start recording temperatures again until you reach the 12 minute mark. . Dump out the solution, and repeat if time permits. Calorimeter Constant Calculations It is very straightforward to determine the energy that is gained or lost when a known mass of water is heated or cooled. ?E ? 0 ? qsystem ? qsurroundings ? qcalorimete r From the data above, you will need to plot the temperature of the room temperature water and extrapolate that line out a bit. That will be its initial temperature (T1). Extrapolate through the points after mixing, and this will be its final temperature (T2). From this the heat gained by the room temperature water can be calculated. qroom ? mass T2 ? T1 Cwater ? This is repeated for the warm water. Extrapolate the warm water’s temperature through the time when it is mixed. This is will be its initial temperature (T3). Extrapolate through the points after mixing and this will be its final temperature (T2). From this the heat lost by the warm water can be calculated. qwarm ? ? mass T3 ? T2 Cwater ? The Calorimeter constant will be the difference between these two. Whatever energy lost by the warm water should have been gained by the room temperature water, except for what was gained by the cup. qroom ? qwarm ? qcup ? T2 ? T1 ? ? Ccup ? A sample for the plot is below. The v ertical line is the time when the two water samples were mixed. Mixing Curve for Water 42 37 T3 Temp (C) Room Temp Water 32 27 T1 22 0 2 4 6 Time (min) 8 10 12 T2 Warm Water Calculations for the Enthalpy of Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide The solution here is mostly water, and it is assumed to have a specific heat of 4. 184 J/g? C. There are two things that would absorb the energy lost by hydrogen peroxide: the solution, and the cup. ? qH 2O2 ? qsolution ? qcup The ‘q’ of the solution is calculated in a way similar to that of water. The time and temperature information will have to be plotted. The only thing that is different here, is that the temperature of just one thing is being recorded. There will only be two temperatures, T1 and T2. qsolution ? ? mass T2 ? T1 ? 4. 184 J ? g ? C ? qcup ? ? Ccup ? ?T2 ? T1 ? Here Ccup was determined last week. To determine the ? H in terms of joules per mole, one will have to divide the energy by the number of moles in the solution. moles ? M H ? 2 O2 ? ? Volume ? H 2O2 Report Information taken from this lab included the following. Week One ? Mass of room temperature water ? Mass of cup(s) and stirring bar(s) ? Mass of warm water ? Mass of combined water ? Initial temperatures for water ? Post mixing temperatures for water ? Time ? Mass of potassium permanganate ? Volume of potassium permanganate solution Week Two ? Volume of hydrogen peroxide solution titrated. ? Volume of potassium permanganate used. ? Mass of cup and stirring bar. ? Mass of hydrogen peroxide ? Mass of mixed peroxide and iron ? Temperature prior to mixing. ? Temperature after mixing. ? Time From this, one will need to calculate: ? ? ? ? The concentration of potassium permanganate The concentration of hydrogen peroxide (averaged) The calorimeter constant (averaged) The enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (averaged) In a 1 – 2 page typed report please give the following: ? ? ? A brief 2-3 sentence abstract describing the experiment and the final result. Work detailing how quantities were determined. A brief one paragraph discussion dealing with the comparison of the result to the literature value of (-94. 6 kJ/mole). What specific sources of error might account for a difference between your result and the literature value.

Burning Man as a Postmodern Utopia †Humanities Essay

Burning Man as a Postmodern Utopia – Humanities Essay Free Online Research Papers Burning Man as a Postmodern Utopia Humanities Essay Burning Man is an event that takes place annually on the Nevada desert floor. What began as a modern version of a summer solstice ritual has morphed into a full-blown artistic counter-culture phenomenon. Burning Man is a postmodern remix. It samples concepts and ideas and combines elements that are evocative of ancient cultural and religious ritual with modern ideals of a utopian society. Burning Man is politically and artistically situated as a remix of the ancient idea of Utopia. Can this postmodern artistic idea continue to thrive or has this experiment fallen victim due to intense commercial pressures? BURNING MAN As Ulf Poschardt says in his 1998 book DJ Culture, â€Å"Postmodernism is generally seen as the sphere of unlimited possibilities. Anti-dogmatic, free, liberal, hoping for every narrative fragment after the end of the great narratives and prepared to accept everything† (Poschardt, 393). Burning Man started as an event in such a sphere of open ended possibilities according to founder Larry Harvey in his lecture LA VIE BOHÉME A History of Burning Man. The event was conceived from the notion that bohemians †have a kind of erotic sense of property. They share with one another. They cooperate with one another. They collaborate with one another. What Bohemia’s reflect is the natural life of artists, how they behave in their authentic environment. And these were the principles we followed† (Harvey, lecture). This reflects Poschardt’s postmodernist concepts. The idea that anything goes and that there is no absolute truth lies at the bottom of both th e postmodern and the bohemian ideals that Harvey speaks to. He went on to state, We have become a nation of posers. Its not a life thats lived or shared, but an imitation of life, a kind of commercial for self. We need some deep and drastic therapy to break this spell. We need to reestablish contact with our inner selves. We need to reinvent a public world†¦this is where my work and the experiment called Burning Man comes in. (Harvey). Harvey’s deconstruction and proposal for a new state of living reflects the ideals of utopian states. This is a powerful postmodern strategy, upending familiar tropes of western society. Burning Man enacts a magical ritualistic effigy burning as opposed to the political effigy burnings of despised leader (e.g., George Bush in Iraq). Burning Man samples from a long line of effigy burning rituals. Doan Ngu, is celebrated on the summer solstice in Vietnam where offerings are made to spirits and ghosts and to â€Å"the god of death† to stave off epidemic. Offerings of human effigies made of grasses are burned, providing souls to staff the army of the God of Death. Carnival Aruba, in Martinique and Guadalupe is a 3-day festival that ends on Ash Wednesday with the burning of an effigy of the King. The King’s effigy is paraded through the streets for all to see, and then set alight in the main plaza of the city or town. In Venezuela there is the Burning of Judas, an effigy dressed as a known public figure in the community, This Judas effigy is also paraded through the town before being burned. The participants slap, punch and kick the effigy before lighting it on fire. In Hinduism there is the burning of the effigy of Ravanna marks the tenth day of the celebration of Divali. The statue of the 10 headed demon Ravanna is made of wood and hay with fireworks inside. The celebrations begin around sunset, families and friends gather, and the statue is set on fire. People shoot arrows into the effigy; it burns along with a huge display of fireworks. These rituals, and many more, are all rituals that bring the community together (Henderson, Thompson, 118-156-189). Burning Man takes place during the seven days before Labour Day weekend in Black Rock City, Nevada. Burning Man started in San Francisco in 1986 as a summer solstice ritual. In 1986 Jerry James, a builder, and Larry Harvey, a landscaper, decided to construct a life-size human effigy made largely of junk wood. They took it to Baker Beach, a mile long stretch of sand just west of the Golden Gate Bridge, with a handful of friends and set it on fire. They burned along with it tokens and mementoes of things they wanted to rid themselves of. It was an act of cleansing for a handful of people. They were so moved by the experience they decided to make it an annual ritual (Doherty). Aided by the San Francisco Cacophony Society, word spread and by 1990 the crowd had increased to 800 and the man had morphed into a 40 foot structure. At this point the San Francisco police stepped in, stopping the ceremonies on the grounds that it was unsafe to torch such a large object on a public beach. One of the Cacophonists, John Law had the idea of moving the ritual to Black Rock desert, an evocative, barren lakebed which dries up for a few months of each year. This was a place where they would not have a problem burning a large structure. A few weeks later, on Labour Day weekend, a group of 100 made the long trek out to the Nevada Desert. Burning Man had found its home (Doherty). Burning Man has grown significantly. It is estimated to be doubling in size every year. Last year there were over 30,000 participants. Although Burning Man has grown beyond anyone’s wildest estimate, it remains true to its core idea: everyone who is there is invited to partake in the ritual of putting items inside the man before the burning. Not surprisingly these items vary as much as the people themselves. Although Burning Man is a temporary community, it is a strong community that ties people together. Larry Harvey described his vision in his LA VIE BOHÉME lecture: Imagine you are put upon a desert plain, a space that is so vast and blank that only your initiative can make of it a place. Imagine it is swept by fearsome winds and scorching temperatures, and only by your effort can you make of it a home. Imagine youre surrounded by thousands of other people, that together you form a city, and that within this teeming city there is nothing thats for sale†¦This novel use of nothingness elicits a superabundant production of spectacle. But it is spectacle with a difference. We have, in fact, reversed the process of spectation by inviting every citizen to create a vision and contribute it to a public environment. We call this process radical self-expression. What makes this self-expression truly radical is its reintegration of the private and personal back into a shared public domain. Burning Man has evolved into an event for artists from all over the world to meet, create and ultimately burn their work. This iconoclastic practice indexes the early conceptual art movement, for example Allan Kaprow, Jim Dine, and even Ana Mendieta’s ‘burning women’. Conceptual art came to fruition in the mid Twentieth Century bohemian subcultures and avant-garde modernist movements. Previously modernism evolved as a resistance against the disenfranchising forces of early technology and industrialization. Those involved in this lineage of this new perspective of the world, were looking to transform culture and creative self realization in art Burning Man is a â€Å"happening† where spectacle and ritual meet on the desert floor, and where the role of participant and spectator blurs. Burning Man is a massive show of art that is not for sale much of the art created is burned throughout the event. These events at Burning Man demonstrate that the contrast can lessen between the individual and communal in our postmodern world. Burning Man represents a collective desire to participate in long lost communal rituals. Many have a desire for collective input; even in our postmodern times there is a need for a sense of community. This is fulfilled, albeit briefly, by Burning Man. UTOPIA Utopia refers to the ancient longing for a place of happiness and freedom, a paradise on earth. Utopia is defined as an â€Å"imagined perfect state or place of things†(Oxford). The word Utopia coined by Thomas Moore in the Sixteenth Century passed through the English language and has been appropriated by most of the world’s languages. California of course, has a rich history of Utopian societies. In his book California’s Utopian Colonies Robert V. Hine states, â€Å"A utopian colony, thus, consists of a group of people who are attempting to establish a new social pattern based upon a vision of the ideal society†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Hine, 5). Larry Harvey has tried to create just this, a new social pattern based upon his vision of the ideal society, a place where nothing is for sale and where everyone is at the same time audience and participant. Larry Harvey has sampled from the old ideals to bring us a new utopian vision for our time, a place where all people are eq ual and everything is exchanged through barter. Martin Buber’s reference to Israeli Kibbutz in his book Paths in Utopia could be referring to Burning Man: â€Å"Nowhere else in the history of communal settlements is there this tireless groping for the form of community-life best suited to this particular human group, nowhere else this continual trying and trying again, this going to it and getting down to it, this critical awareness, this sprouting of new branches from the same stem and out of the same formative impulse†(Buber. 141-142). BURNING BURNING MAN Harvey’s intention to alter the form of spectacle was admirable. At the beginning he wanted all the participants to be spectators and vise versa. All contributing to the artistic nature of the event But Burning Man’s popularity has proven to be its undoing. In 1994, the year Harvey started a website, the media discovered the event, encouraging people to flock to Burning Man in greater numbers every year. By 1997 media at the event included CNN, ABC, NBC, ZDF (Germany) as well as Time, The Washington Post and publications from Brazil England, France, and Japan. The media has enabled millions to simulate participation virtually, but in reality they remain only spectators. In this Mephistophelean bargain the media has brought with it the commercialization of Burning Man. Harvey’s chief ideal has always been â€Å"nothing is for sale†. This refrain is no longer valid. Along the way Burning Man started charging admission to attend. To take part in Burning Man it now costs from $165.00 to $250.00 for advance tickets. It seems that the refrain should be almost nothing is for sale. In addition to the admission there is now a Burning Man Cafà ©, which sells (not barters or trades) its beverages. Yes things change. Burning Man is no exception to this rule. As Fredric Jameson, a postmodern Marxist theorist says (quoted by Posehardt in his book DJ Culture), â€Å"In Postmodern culture, ‘culture’ has become a product in it’s own right; the market has become a substitute for itself and fully as much a commodity as any of its items it includes within itself: modernism was still minimally and tendentially the critique of the commodity and the effort to make it transcendent itself. Postmodernism is the consumption of sheer commodification as a process† (Poschardt, 393). The history of Burning Man exemplifies the commodification aspects of postmodernism. One can almost expect to see Burning Man franchises ‘coming soon to a dry lakebed near you’. Harvey’s second most important ideal was that there are â€Å"only ten official rules. That was enough for Moses, and thats enough for us†(Harvey). These original rules have expanded into an 11-page document. For instance, a â€Å"no dogs allowed† rule was added in 2003. Arguably Burning Man has had to add rules and guidelines because it has expanded beyond its original scale. Ironically Burning Man’s utopian quality has diminished in the postmodern commodification possess. Anti-consumerism lies at the heart of Harvey’s ideals, but is this practical in our capitalist world? Alicia Ludena states In Search of the Postmodern, â€Å"Postmodern theorists, however, claim that in the contemporary high tech media society, emergent processes of change and transformation are producing a new postmodern society†(Ludena). Larry Harvey’s Burning Man sprung out of his desire to create a new postmodern ritual. It was a postmodern idea that took the old construct of burning an effigy and transformed it into a contemporary art event. It altered even more when it became a commercial event. Burning Man as a Utopia was fundamentally flawed, because it was essentially atavistic. Burning Man stepped over the line and became just another commodity, perfectly postmodern but hardly utopian. Buber, Martin. Paths in Utopia. First Syracuse University Press Edition, 1996. 9-141-142 Doherty, Brian. â€Å"Burning Man Grows Up†http://reason.com/0002/fe.bd.burning.shtml Harvey, Larry, LA VIE BOHÉME - A History of Burning Man February 24, 2000. burningman.com/whatisburningman/lectures/la_vie.html Henderson, Helene, Thompson, Sue Ellen.Holidays, Festivals and Celebrations of the World Dictionary. 2nd Ed, Omnigraphics, Inc. Penobscot Building, Detroit, Mi 48226.1996. 118-156-189 Hine, Robert V, California’s Utopian Colonies. Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, SanMarino, California. 1953. 5 Ludena, Alicia In Search of the Postmodern http://mural.uv.es/alulla/charact.html Oxford Dictionary of Current English.Oxford University Press. Great Claredon Street. Oxford OX2 6DP , revised edition 1998 Poschardt, Ulf. DJ Culture. Trans. Shaun Whiteside. London: Quartet Books Ltd. 1998. 393 Research Papers on Burning Man as a Postmodern Utopia - Humanities EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMind TravelWhere Wild and West MeetBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and CanadaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

French English True Cognates Starting With R

French English True Cognates Starting With R One of the great things about learning French or English is that many words have the same roots in the Romance languages and English. The 1,700 words are spelled (although not pronounced) identically in French and English and are true or semi-true cognates. Before you start memorizing them, please read some important notes about these cognates. The (parentheses) indicate the words part of speech in both languages, and, in the case of nouns, the gender of the noun in French. racial  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)radar  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)radial  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)radian  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)radiant  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)radiation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)radical  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective masculine noun)radio  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)radium  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)radius  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)radon  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)raid  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)ramification  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)ranch  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)rat  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)ratification  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)ration  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)ravine  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)rechargeable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)recognition  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)resconstitution  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)reconstruction  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)rectangle  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)rectifiable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)rectitude  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)recyclable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)referendum  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)refuge  Ã‚  Ã‚  (ma sculine noun)regret  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)relaxation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)religion  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)repentant  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)reproduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)reptile  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)respect  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)respectable  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)respiration  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)restaurant  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)restitution  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)restriction  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)retriever  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)revolver  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)rhododendron   (masculine noun)ricochet  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)rictus  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)ridicule  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)riposte  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)rival  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective masculine noun)robot  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)rose  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective noun)rotation  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)rotor  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)routine  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)royal  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)royalties  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)rugby  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine n oun)rumba  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)rumination  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)rupture  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)rural  Ã‚  Ã‚  (adjective)ruse  Ã‚  Ã‚  (feminine noun)rutabaga  Ã‚  Ã‚  (masculine noun)

Website Evaluation Paper and Prototype for Redesign Essay

Website Evaluation Paper and Prototype for Redesign - Essay Example In order to increase the customers and business there is a desperate need to re-design the website for survival of the Berry’s company and competing with their competitors. In order to achieve the objectives, the company needs to improve the website in three diverse aspects include: the overall design, the user interface and the web marketing to increase the traffic. The improvements in the overall design of the website may include but not limited to the inclusion of a site map, the standardized coding or quality of code, search engine optimization and page layout. The user interface should be improved to get effective and efficient user interaction with the website. The user interface should be simple, easy-to-use and attractive by applying the web user interface standards and guidelines. The website’s visitors are not always the customers, but the objective is to compel the visitors to stop and buy the services, it can be accomplished by the service quality, selection (and the way of presenting services or contents) and the attractive price or offer. The already identified weaknesses of the website can be categorized into the three above mentioned categories. As the contents of the website do not precisely depict the objective of the website. Therefore, it is highly recommended to add a clear objective statement of the Berry’s company, the services that are provided in the bullets need to be elaborated so that these services can be described to the visitors/customer to gain their attention that may lead to a successful sale. Moreover, the contact information needs to be modified in a way that customers can interact with the company’s officer through the website. The contents’ language should represent the real world information so that the customer can easily understand. These recommendations related or categorized into the sale related issues or to stop the visitor to read out contents for a while. The website does not contain a site map and search

Defining Terrorism is Difficult Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Defining Terrorism is Difficult - Research Paper Example Hence, defining and addressing the phenomenon of terrorism is in the preliminary stages (Ronczkowski 17). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difficulty in defining terrorism because of the different types of terrorist missions confronting governments. The Difficulty in Defining Terrorism There are numerous working definitions of terrorism. According to Jonathan R. White (7-11), terrorism is an abstract concept with no tangible presence; hence a true definition that accounts for all the potential uses of the term is not possible. At the same time however, two common characteristics are that terrorization is done, and terrorists have targets and victims. The definition changes according to the context of the violent activity. This weakness is taken into consideration when examining some popular defitions of terrorism (White 7). Of five official definitions from various United States government agencies, â€Å"three of the more commonly cited definitions come from the FBI, the U.S. Department of State, and the U.S. Department of Defense† (Ronczkowski 18). ... Further, it purposefully intimidates or compels a civilian population to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or terrorist acts affect the performance of a government by assassination or kidnapping. Similarly, the Department of Defense defines terrorism as the predetermined use of violence or threat of violence to create fear, â€Å"intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological† states Philip B. Heyman (3). The common elements among the above definitions are clear, but it is essential to find out whether only one definition is correct, to determine which is correct, and the reasons for one government having only one definition. The solution to these queries is simple; it is that the missions of the different types of terrorism vary. Hence, instead of an all-inclusive definition of terrorism it would be better to focus on an understanding of the elements that constitute terrrorism (Ronczkowski 18). Heyman (3) adds that numerous attempts to define terrorism as distinctly as murder, robbery, or rape have been unsuccessful. Analytical practitioners as well as law enforcement personnel should receive a foundation for performing their daily duties related to terrorism and terrorist activity, along with an understanding of its history. Donald M. Snow states that the root of the word terrorism is derived from the Latin word terrere which means ‘to frighten’. However, this meaning can also be applied to modern criminal statutes related to robbery and other crimes, consequently causing confusion and debate (Snow 1). Therefore, law enforcement agencies and analysts use a standardized, open definition. The U.S. Code of 22

Writing an Effective Report in the Field of Criminal Justice Assignment

Writing an Effective Report in the Field of Criminal Justice - Assignment Example When I visited the store, the counter had been messed up, items fallen here and there. There was evidence that there was a fight since there were blood stains on the floor and the items such as keys, phone, computer mouse and keyboard. This is how Grace narrated her ordeal: â€Å"It was on 3rd May, 2014 when this incident occurred. Nothing was strange during the period as customers streamed in and out as they normally did.At around ten, three men entered the store and went directly to the fruits shelf. When they first came in, one of them went to the fruit shelf and another stood beside the counter and asked me how I was and left to meet the one at the fruits section. The third one went to the bakeries section which is at far end of this store. Two minutes later, they converged at the fruit section. All of a sudden, one of them pulled out a gun; I think it a revolver, and shot twice in the air. All the customers in the store ran off leaving me trapped in the counter desk by the two other men. One of them started beating me up using a hammer which he held in his hand repetitively. I asked him to stop and take away all the money in the cash drawer but he would not hear of it. I cannot say where the two of his frien ds were when he was bashing me.† Grace narrates that she managed to cheat death when she faked unconscious. The second suspect left her alone for the dead and they left with the third suspect carrying a small plastic bag full of money. In deed the girl was beaten mercilessly. In my investigation, she had attended the Mediheal University Hospital in Texas for treatment just after she made the statement with the police. The doctor noted that she had sustained severe soft tissue injuries on the back, shoulder and her left hand. She had broken one of her ribs on the right hand side of the body. The doctor, in her medical report, notes â€Å"These injuries are severe. The soft tissue injuries on the back, left shoulder and

Racism against African American in the education system in United Research Paper

Racism against African American in the education system in United States - Research Paper Example Hence, one cannot help but wonder when racism will become a history, especially in the current education systems. The following essay will focus on racism as witnessed in the current education systems in the American education system as well as some of the problem’s practical solutions (Carol, p.18). Since the time when racial segregation in the American education system was deemed unconstitutional by a Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education nearly six decades ago, a lot has changed. For instance, the landmark civil rights legislation and the civil rights movement have enabled the participation in our independent system possible for millions of African Americans and members of other marginal groups. Also, the national government commenced a War on Poverty and also, the United States voted its first Black president. However, despite the development, what has remained unaffected is the persistent racial prejudice in the United States public learning systems. The prejudice is patent in a number of ways such as unrelenting racial segregation in the American schools, the enormous imbalance in resource distribution between majority White schools and majority-minority schools. In addition, it is manifested in the uneven treatment of racial minority students within the schools, in spite of the degree of unification. Consequently, these factors contribute towards undermining the social, economic, and political prospective and chances of racial minorities in the United States. Moreover, the facts are responsible for the second-class nationality that has defined this group in America for centuries (Dorinda, p.10). In large part, since the United States public education system has failed them, compared to their white peers, racial minority students in the United States lag behind radically. However, although various statistics present verification for this conclusion, the inequality in high school

Market Structures Analyses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Market Structures Analyses - Essay Example The producers can't afford the labor without selling their crops. Their debts build up and their crops are left to ruin. In a perfectly competitive market, there are many buyers and sellers and therefore no individual player can influence the market as a whole. Hence the firms become "price takers" by accepting the price determined by the intersection of the demand and supply curves. Therefore the firm's demand curve is perfectly elastic and price equals marginal revenue as shown in the graph. Individual firms cannot increase prices due to the competitiveness of the market and the highly elastic demand curve. Hence there are normal profits to be gained for the producers. The products are homogenous and therefore the buyers are indifferent as to which firm they purchase from. There are no barriers to entry or exit; hence firms can enter and leave the industry with no cost liabilities. In such a competitive environment, there is maximum efficiency and competent allocation of resources with minimum wastage. A trace of monopolistic competition is found in chapter 13 of the book where the Joads stop to fill gas at a gas station. The owner of the station is characterized as a crushed man, one who is afraid of the change that the world around him has embraced. He talks about how he sees cars move west all day and the only ones that stop in his station are the ones that have no money. They exchange beds, baby buggies, pots, pans, dolls, even shoes for the gas. The rich cars, however, stop only at company stations in town. He refers to these stations as the yellow painted ones in town. We also notice how the owner tries to imitate the company stations with the yellow paint but fails because of the loose hangings and the old cracks in his beaten old station. Monopolistic competition or imperfect competition is relatively similar to that of perfect competition except that the products are not homogenous. There are large number of players in the market, but due to differentiation of products, each individual firm has a small market share and a limited ability to influence prices. In this market, the barriers to entry are very small and there is sufficient product knowledge among the consumers. Product differentiation, which is the characteristic of monopolistic competition, creates a difference between products by deeming them similar but not identical. The product of one producer can be differentiated from that of another. A competitive producer uses non price competitive methods such as advertising, packaging, brand names, design to differentiate his products. There are substitutes in the market but they are not perfect substitutes. Firms have some control over prices, but the demand curve remains downward sloping and elastic. The producer aims at maximizing his profits by charging as much as he can over and above the output where his marginal revenue and costs equal, without compromising his sales. In the long run, however, new entries will shift the demand curve and the cost curve, thereby squeezing the profits. Oligopoly Chapter 19 narrates the

Racism against African American in the education system in United Research Paper

Racism against African American in the education system in United States - Research Paper Example Hence, one cannot help but wonder when racism will become a history, especially in the current education systems. The following essay will focus on racism as witnessed in the current education systems in the American education system as well as some of the problem’s practical solutions (Carol, p.18). Since the time when racial segregation in the American education system was deemed unconstitutional by a Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education nearly six decades ago, a lot has changed. For instance, the landmark civil rights legislation and the civil rights movement have enabled the participation in our independent system possible for millions of African Americans and members of other marginal groups. Also, the national government commenced a War on Poverty and also, the United States voted its first Black president. However, despite the development, what has remained unaffected is the persistent racial prejudice in the United States public learning systems. The prejudice is patent in a number of ways such as unrelenting racial segregation in the American schools, the enormous imbalance in resource distribution between majority White schools and majority-minority schools. In addition, it is manifested in the uneven treatment of racial minority students within the schools, in spite of the degree of unification. Consequently, these factors contribute towards undermining the social, economic, and political prospective and chances of racial minorities in the United States. Moreover, the facts are responsible for the second-class nationality that has defined this group in America for centuries (Dorinda, p.10). In large part, since the United States public education system has failed them, compared to their white peers, racial minority students in the United States lag behind radically. However, although various statistics present verification for this conclusion, the inequality in high school

What ideas underpinned housing policy between 1945-79 Essay

What ideas underpinned housing policy between 1945-79 - Essay Example By the end of the century, there was massive development of the country from rural to urban society. From the period of 1945, there was substantial overhaul of residential dwellings. This influenced government of UK to look after the price, ownership and quality of residential market. After 1945, the dependence on local authorities has been increased by both conservative and labour government. 5 million households and more are accommodated with the help of social housing. After World War II, the instruments and priorities of housing policy has seen a drastic change. This essay will effectively discuss about various ideas of Housing Policy in UK that underpinned from 1945 to 1979. One billion people are still living in undesirable condition and lack shelter due to poverty. The majority of people who are lacking shelter are from developed countries. This resembles the necessity of effective housing policies to provide adequate shelter. After World War II, the economic condition of United Kingdom was totally shattered. During the year 1945, wartime union government was exhausted after the withdrawal of labour party. This eventually forced in to general election. The attitude of people has seen drastic changes. Government intervention has been increased. The adverse impact of war created a need of house. Massive number of houses has been destroyed through bombing. Under these circumstances, it required a huge overhaul on housing policy in UK. After 1945, the advancement of public housing was due to the commitment of government. Housing policy before 1945 has been stepping stone for the emergence of future housing policies. In 19th century, sanitation policies ha ve been implemented. Social disintegration and increase in rate of widespread disease has been the pivotal factor for the application of sanitation policies. In 20th century, the sanitation polices has been key influence for the occurrence of first housing policies. Since the year 1871, the local

Ladies & Gentleman Essay Example for Free

Ladies Gentleman Essay The point was about the term â€Å"ladies and gentlemen. † It would be easy to think of upper class women in flashy dresses and extravagant hats and men in tailcoats and top hats when talking about ladies and gentlemen. However, one of my goals when using the terms is to make their definitions much more than mere appearance, if appearance at all. This modernization of the terms helps bring the definition into the current century and throw away the traditional and very close-minded definition. It is for this reason that I believe being a lady or gentleman is based on personality, how a person treats others, I speak for most people who use the term â€Å"ladies and gentlemen† in reference to a person’s conduct, not a person’s class, social standing, race, sexuality. Some, when faced with the terms â€Å"ladies and gentlemen,† will immediately assume the worst by using the outdated definitions. Some will also dig for reasons to label those who use â€Å"ladies and gentlemen†. In labeling us this way, these people do not facilitate any sort of progress for the terms or for any sort of unity for women, or men, ladies or gentleman. We live where we ought to not judge people by the color of their skin, their class, gender, or sexuality, with all of this, there are still groups who refuse to take off their blinders. Ladies and Gentleman, now there is a saying that has been with us for a long time, but what does it really mean and where did it come from? Let’s start with the ladies as we all have been known to do in the century we live in today to always allow ladies to be first. The term ladies could mean many different things to many different cultures so let’s get the one that is primarily recognized by all. There are numerous definitions of a lady and I am sure that we all have varied opinions of what a lady is, but here is a few from the dictionary. â€Å"Chiefly British A general feminine title of nobility and other rank, specifically, Used as the title for the wife or widow of a knight or baronet. Used as a form of address for a marchioness, countess, viscounts, baroness, or baronets’. Used as a form of address for the wife or widow of a baron. Used as a courtesy title for the daughter of a duke, a marquis, or an Earl. Used as a courtesy title for the wife of a younger son of a duke or marquis† (Ladies, n. . ). To discuss gentleman, as in reference to ladies is an entirely different topic but closely related . However to separate them is almost UN heard of in this society we live in today. The writer here feels it of necessity to come up with a definition of what is a gentleman where did this term come from. The definition of what the dictionary states is :, A man of gentle or noble birth or superior social position: Hes too much a gentleman to be a scholar†, Used as a form of address for a group of men (gentleman, n. . ). Now we have a general idea of what a Ladies and a gentleman Are, let’s put them together to get a better understanding of â€Å"Ladies and Gentleman†. To take a look at them individually is one aspect to consider but let’s look at what a well rounded person is first and foremost prior to becoming a Lady or a gentleman. IUomo Universal Literally, â€Å"universal Man† a self reliant, multitalented, freethinking individual â€Å"(Sayre H 2008-2012). From the art work to the poetry of art and even the given philosophy that was all just a cultural part of growing with the ages was known to make Ladies and gentleman and primarily a humanist in all forms of the century. It was certain beliefs and attitudes to help make people what is universally known as well rounded . However the importance from education to cultural practices from philosophy made them who they were and their practice of becoming ladies and gentleman. In a survey conducted I was able to poll ten people and from vary ages and backgrounds. Although they all had varies opinions on what a lady and what a gentleman is. It was a little redundant on what the ladies had to say concerning their definitions, and what the men had in their responses. The simple fact from the ladies side was mostly about the dress of a lady and how they carried themselves in public. However on the men’s side of the scenario it was mostly about them being of a maternal instinct, and mannerisms of a lady one being polite, sincere and genially whole. However when it came to the Gentleman part of this survey it was all about having decent employment and being a good provider, and once again a good father figure. Funny as it seems this was from both the male and the female’s opinion. My age bracket was from one, my son who is twenty one, to my neighbor who is in their sixties. The ladies were a woman in their mid twenties to my mother in her late seventies. Their vocations were that of manufacturing to one of a professional woman a teacher. However it was an interesting fact when I asked these questions to my girl who was brought up well as she calls it blue blood, or if you will high society and her idea’s and experiences being brought up to be a lady. The fact that she was taught to courtesy in her early years and to have proper mannerisms of that type of upbringing to be able to be presented to other able blue blooded men at eighteen for a possible mate to ensure of proper breeding from their bloodline was somewhat a crazy response to my questions on being a lady or a gentleman. Therefore to some things up and to suggest whether or not I agree with Castiglione and his descriptions of a woman and that of a man or should we say a lady and a gentleman? To be or not to be the real question, a woman, lady or man or gentleman. Therefore I will share my opinions on the positives, I see fit and the negatives that I believe could be harmful to ones general character. To be born out of nobility would be an awesome deal but when and where we were born and the freedom of choice in our upbringing is one I am a little half and half on if that makes sense, in other words I do believe it is wonderful to be born with your parents and having them part of your life to help guide you, and to prevent errors in their culture to help make you a well rounded person. However to feel that a judgment is made upon you from whose family you were born into and how you were to dress and what reactions one would have towards you because of your nobility at birth and being told you believe this way or that way I feel is wrong. Therefore to be judgmental of the skin the dress and down to the language and how it is spoken to others and to deem their worthiness by a person’s size is a little farfetched but perhaps in that century the judgment rang true of a person’s actions be it male or female. To be a lady who plucks eyebrows or powders their face, or to be a wanton women to honest men or I believe the proper term here is harlot. Men of good posture and build for fighting wars or one whom is of a cowardice nature, but what of those men who flatly just did not measure up to the standards of a fighter for wars. In our society today we are somewhat powerless of what our physical stature is to become and therefore almost impossible to say what we will become and surely plays an important role in the attitude towards that.

Examining the Organisational Structure and Culture

Examining the Organisational Structure and Culture Abstract In this report I aim to objectively examine the Organisational Structure and Culture by using three different organisations from different sectors within the UK and how it could affect the business. Furthering my report I will analyse the impact of staff behaviour on the three businesses. I will conclude my report by carrying out a detailed analysis on specific job roles within an organisation. I would be using McDonalds, Sainsburys Plc and Sony Corporation as part of my case study. Task 1 Introduction Organisational culture and structure Organisational Culture also known as Corporate Culture comprises the attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values of an organization. According to author Afsaneh Nahavandi, organisation culture has been defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization [Which] control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization. Every organisation with more than one person needs a structure so that workers have clearly defined roles and are clear about the roles of others. As such, organisational structure is often presented as a chart which clearly identifies how management is organised vertically with layers of hierarchy and horizontally by function, product or division. The chart will make clear who is responsible for what, who is responsible to who and who to go to with problems and queries. There are three main types of organisational structure: tall hierarchical, flat hierarchical and matrix. McDonalds Plc and their structure McDonalds is the worlds largest fast food chain restaurant with over 31,000 outlets in 118 countries and employing over 1.6 million people globally. Out of the 31,000 outlets, 1000 of them are in the U.K. McDonalds serves over 47 million customers daily in the 118 countries they operate in and have a market capitalisation of $60.08bn in the financial year of 2008. 78% of the McDonalds are owned by the franchisees and the remaining 22% are owned by the corporation itself. Structure in simple terms, can be defined as the way things are set out in an organisation. Therefore, all businesses including McDonalds have their own organisational structure which consists of groups and individuals working together to achieve the same aims/objectives of the organisation. Organisations are structured in a variety of ways, dependent upon their objectives and culture. The structure of an organisation will determine the manner in which it operates and its performance. Structure allows the responsibilities for different functions and processes to be clearly allocated to different departments. The wrong organisation structure will reduce the success of the business. As a business expands the spans of control will widen. The higher the level of skill each employee has the more the business will make use of these skills across the organization and hence save costs. Internal factors such as size, product and skills of the workforce also influence the organizational structure. undefined Source: Online http://www.learnmanagement2.com/hierarchical%20structure.htm An example of a hierarchal organisational structure is given above for reference; The figure published according to McDonalds websites tells us that 78% of the stores are franchised; whereas the remaining 22% are owned by the corporation itself. My assumption is McDonalds as a corporation have adopted a hierarchal structure; but each store would be following a different yet similar structure within the framework of the hierarchal structure. All the stores would carry out exactly the same process but the way in which they deliver the service could vary. It would depend on the franchisee on how she/he controls their business; however there are certain aspects which the franchisee cannot alter i.e. the McDonalds logo, shop appearance and etc. As the above diagram shows, the most highest or influential person in any organisation is the Chief Executive officer/director (CEO) who takes all strategic decisions because they are on the top of the hierarchy and below him are his/her subordinates i.e. area regional managers, department managers who then report back to him/he r about the companys progress or any other important issues that needs their attention. However, every staffs responsibility is clearly defined and the business itself seems to be centralised e.g. important decisions being taken by the senior management centrally. Within this structure, the path to promotion is clearly defines i.e. a person will initially start from the bottom e.g. counter sales assistant and then they will have to earn their way up to the top to get a authority. It is considered employees of this type of structure are likely to be loyal to the business. However, franchised stores of McDonalds are likely to have a flatter structure. There is one manager, who is in control of the assistants and employees; who takes all the decisions for that particular store and he/she who is in charge of the main functions, carries them out. But the McDonalds corporation is likely to have a hierarchical structure. McDonalds is a big company with lots of different departments which need to be organized very well, because if the employees arent directed in the right way they wont perform their jobs uniformly. McDonalds culture On the other hand, according to author Afsaneh Nahavandi; organisational culture can be defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. set of beliefs, customs, practices and ways of thinking that they have come to share with each other through being and working together. Culture varies greatly between organisations and some business can be warm and friendly whereas some can be hard and unfriendly. McDonalds operates according to four values; quality, service, convenience and value. Part of their organisational culture is the delivery of uniform quality of food and service wherever the branch is located. These are some of the cultures associated with McDonalds; McDonalds place the customer experience at the core of what they do. McDonalds are committed towards their stakeholders. They believe in the McDonalds System. McDonalds operate their business ethically. McDonalds give backs to the community. McDonalds grow their business profitably. McDonalds strive continually to improve. Their mission/vision/aims/objectives of McDonalds will affect the culture of McDonalds to an extent. Initially, McDonalds key objective of serving the customers good quality food links in with their culture (values) which is that McDonald place customer experience at the core of what they do. This will result in repeat business and hence improve the profitability of the business which is another value (culture) of McDonalds. Another key objective of McDonalds is to be a socially responsible company; this has again affected their culture to a great extent. McDonalds gives back to the community via their own set up charity e.g. Ronald McDonalds House charity; however the franchised store have their own decision on it. It is clear that McDonalds investment is carefully considered. This again is reflected in their culture, which shows us that McDonalds are committed towards their shareholders and stakeholders. Another aim of McDonald is to provide customers with outstanding quality and make every customer smile; this is again reflected in their culture (values) as the website informs us that McDonalds strive to improve continually. Therefore, as the company is innovating and continually making improvements, it would satisfy more customers who were maybe previously dissatisfied with a particular aspect. In order for McDonalds to comply with their mission/vision statement identified previously, they would need to set their structures accordingly i.e. as McDonalds want to be their customers favourite dining out restaurant, they have ensured that staff and the management are working together effectively in order to prepare a meal for a customer quickly without any kind of mistake e.g. giving a customer a wrong product. Moreover, from the vision/mission statement of McDonalds it is clear that the companys main focus of attention is the customers and therefore in order to facilitate the demand of customers; this means that McDonalds needs to hire more staff and hence their mission links with the structure. Sainsburys Plc and their structure Sainsburys PLC has implemented the notion of making a clear organisational chart available to all employees and workers throughout the stores. This is the key to the success of the company as the more qualified workers in the store can speak to their subordinates directly. This however is not the case if the subordinates want to communicate with their seniors as they will have to refer to the organisational structure in order to speak to the relevant person. The system is efficient as the workers know who, where to go and seek advice from a member with more control and power of them. Moreover, the system enables employees to communicate with others efficiently and conveniently. An example of this is when an employee within a particular department such as Electronics wants to query something to a supervisor; it is through the organisational chart that the employee will know to communicate with the supervisor or the department manager. Organisational charts within larger companies such as Sainsburys Plc essentially provide its employees with a guide to the organisation and its key contacts. As such the organisation of the business allows all employees to recognise who is responsible for what. This is done for a number of reasons; the chain of command lists all employees and their role within the organisation. By implementing this strategy throughout their store, Sainsburys Plc reduces confusion around the hierarchy of the organisation by informing all employees about their own role, power and authority as well as the role of others and their responsibilities. An example of this is if an employee is unsure about his/her power over any subordinates, they can refer to the organisational chart. Another advantage to having an organisational chart is that everyone who work, liaises or partners with the company is aware of the span of control power, influence or authority an employee has over his/her subordinates. If the person is higher up they could clearly see that they have a wide span of control in a Sainsburys store as it is a flat structure which consists of many workers who have to be controlled by supervisors or managers; who in turn are controlled by their deputies or department managers. An example would be that a supervisor was unsure of how much span of control they have over his/her employees; they would check the structure of the business which would outline their own role and responsibilities In which case will be a lot as a checkout supervisor has a larger responsibility and trust within the checkout team. Although the organisational structure outlines each role and the responsibilities, communication between employees and their superiors can also help in clarifying responsibilities, as power has been delegated by high levels of authority the employee will know how much power they have received and what changes or decisions they can immediately carry out to take effect on thei r subordinates. This method of organisation of the business allows employees to work together effectively. This is because any disputes over power and decision making are brought up the organisation chart can help prevent and resolve issues regarding the power and status of especially higher people in the chain of command. It is through the companys organisational methods that that the success of Sainsburys will reflect how this is effective as all functional areas work within this structure. Using Sainsburys Plc as an example can identify how its employees can challenge and confront their superiors in terms of negotiating the power that each member of the store has. The structure of the organisation will be put to use here as it will clearly display where each person is in terms of accountability and power. This will indefinitely resolves the problem and help them work together and communicate effectively. This also applies to other employees, who can check their position in the hierarchy and their subordinates before confronting and starting disputes. These are some of the ways organisation in a business can allow workers to co operate efficiently. Sainsburys Culture The culture of Sainsburys describes the typical approach within the organisation. It essentially means the organisations universal beliefs, policies and procedures that determine the way the organisation is run. This culture is also reflected in Sainsburys employees and shareholders as well as the companys strategy. As such it is these elements that shape and determine the organisations success and at times its failures. Although a large corporation, Sainsburys much like Tesco, MS and Asda takes shape as a bureaucracy. Much like the above corporations, Sainsburys hierarchical structure and its top-down approach suggests that the company heavily implements the Top Hierarchal Culture. This means that communication is essential in the running of a successful company as each role is defined by the hierarchy up until the bottom of the hierarchy. To ensure that this structure is kept, Sainsburys have invested in ensuring that communication and the structure of the organisation is available to all its employees. An example of this is the centralisation of decisions, policies and roles and responsibilities of each individual belonging to the company. These are often outlines at the beginning of employment contract and often reiterated via email, circulation lists, newsletters etc; all of which are essential methods of communication. Due to the large nature of the organisation, Sainsburys is divided into sub-departments such as accounts, marketing and Communication to Electronics and Production department. It may be easier to visualise Sainsburys as two businesses; one being the top part of the hierarchy entailing more senior positions such as production director which involve the strategic management of the organisation. The other aspect is the wholly retail element, found on the shop floor. In this case one can see that power is hierarchical and often stems from the employees position. This is a primary reason as to why roles are defined via job descriptions; to essentially avoid the breakdown of the hierarchical structure. It is clear that Salisburys works within a bureaucratic culture, unlike the Co-Operative which works on persons culture. An advantage of which is empowering all parties who have connections with the organisation. Sony Corporations culture Sony known for its renowned innovation, technological gadgets and electronics it has created a multibillion, multinational electronic empire with products such as the transistor radio, the Trinitron, the Walk-in and the VTR. All of which have transformed life in the twenty first century. It is Sonys consumer targeted quest for excellence and constant innovation that have made them so successful. However, one must consider the companys recent profit loss as being a result of the constant innovation and production of new electronics as these have taken focus rather than concentrating on profit and loss statements have always been a part of Sony since its beginning days. For every successful product (i.e. transistor radio and Trinitron), RD cost often ran excessively high that they pushed the firm to the verge of bankruptcy. The company managed to bring back its losses by introducing a new culture. For every new product a project was created which was funded by Sony and overlooked by a senior member. This allowed Sony to expand its enterprise whilst allowing new projects authority and most importantly autonomy to manage and control each business unit. It was this new method of management that enabled Sony to create both a wider enterprise as well as a new business culture. Sony Corporations structure As mentioned earlier, the changes to Sonys business structure announced in early 2003 meant that Sonys profit margins were redesigned to maximise the effectiveness of their investment in each business category. In addition, a CFO position was established in each network company which became responsible for the monitoring of each business operation. This meant that all networks operated with a degree of autonomy whilst maintaining close strategic links to Sonys global hub. The result of Sonys business culture established a universal monitoring system within the company and its network companies which allowed Sony to analyse and manage the companys entire business. Task 2 Affects of organisations structure and culture to the business Organisation Structure is a key element in the running of a business as it applies to both the employers and its employees. Its importance also lies in that it gives a clear indication of how information can be shared or passed down within the organisation; in order for this happen there must be a link of communication between the senders and receivers. This is achieved by communication flowing up or down the hierarchy. Having an organisational chart makes this process easier as it clearly shows the hierarchy within the organisation, so that communication can be made more effective as the sender/receiver will be able to control their own communicational methods thus avoiding confusion. This enables the business to make communication more convenient and effective for all staff thus allowing departments to inter-liaise and continue information sharing in an effective manner. These are just a few of the benefits an organisation chart has on the business. On the other hand, according to author Afsaneh Nahavandi; organisational culture is defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. set of beliefs, customs, practices and ways of thinking that they have come to share with each other through being and working together. Culture varies greatly between organisations and some business can be warm and friendly whereas some can be hard and unfriendly. These theories are proved constantly in todays businesses. For e.g. the structure Sainsburys have implemented within their organisation, allows each of their departments to work individually to achieve some of its various objectives such as: To provide shareholders with good, sustainable financial returns. (Source: www.j-sainsbury.co.uk) It is clear from this objective that Sainsburys plc is keen about keeping their shareholders happy by providing them with sustainable financial returns on their investment. And due to its structure in place their accounts and finance department is able to deliver this objective by implementing a good financial strategy and doing the job well. Sainsburys plcs decisions in terms of culture and their structure also impacts on the companys business performance to an extent. The tables below demonstrate the level of achievement in sales, underlying operating margin and underlying profits before tax over the last five years. Sales figures of Sainsburys plc between 2005-2010 [%] Like-for-like sales (%) Operating cost margin (%) Underlying operating margin (%) Profit before tax ( £m) Underlying profit before tax ( £m) (Source: www.j-sainsbury.co.uk) The companys directors explain, Despite year on year of challenging market conditions, Sainsburys has delivered continued strong performance against its targets in 2009/10. The retail sector continues to be one of the most fast-moving and highly competitive in the UK. However, Sainsburys stable and experienced leadership team has consistently achieved growth since 2005. Task 3 Job roles Employees working for any organisation are enlisted to perform a specific role. These roles vary depending on the individuals skills and experiences, as listed below: The task or activity The amount of responsibility The job security The decision they have to make The payment they get The skills, knowledge and qualities they have There are four main types of job roles in a business: Directors: they are responsible for the overall direction of the business Managers: They are responsible for one area of the business for example marketing area Supervisors or team leaders: Has the responsibility to look after a team Staff: They are responsible for carrying out basic functions of the business If you look at an organization chart you will see that the person with the most authority is at the top. Individuals with the least amount of authority are placed at the bottom of the hierarchy; this is often referred to as the chain of command. Specific job roles and their responsibilities Directors The Directors typically create the business plans. Directors sit on the board because they have specialist expertise in a particular line of business, or because they have generalist experience, or sometimes more importantly, good contacts. The Managing director The Managing Director is the figurehead of the organisation. Managers have the job of organising and controlling resources. For example at Mcdonalds the managing director will have to look at the applications that come in and decide who to employ and who not. Senior managers Senior Managers make top level decisions concerning operational strategies. These decisions require detailed analysis and skilled judgement. Middle managers Middle Managers organise and control the resource of an organisation within established guidelines. Junior/supervisory management Junior/supervisory management is usually concerned with short-term supervisory activities making sure the operations are carried out in a nice smooth process and all resources is in place for it to happen. Supervisors Supervisors are quite often the backbone of the organisation. They are people who know how things should be done at ground level. They work with managers to put plans into action at operational level. They manage day-to-day resources including the supervision of staff. Operatives Operatives are at the ground level but their work is still very important. It needs to be carried out with care and precision. E.g. In a supermarket the operatives would be the shelf stackers, checkout operatives and etc Employees Personal attributes and how they affect the business The reason why personal attributes are important to the employee and the business is: Personal presentation: includes the individuals physical presentation, personal hygiene, and presentational skills. In addition to this, communication and ability to work with others are essential requirements for many jobs. It is important for the business because if they have staffs that are taking care about his personal presentation it will make the business look good and also the customers will feel comfortable talking with the staff. For example a customer service advisor must have good personal presentation skills as well as being a good communicator. These types of skills vary depending on the role, the position of the role and the skills of the individual and positive approaches increase on the business sales ultimately. And if they are not smart in these areas the business may even loose customers on that bases resulting in loss of business. Verbal communication skills: these skills are essential to any individual working in customer service, in contact with clients and partners. Having good verbal communicational skills means that the individual has the ability to make him/herself clear and has the ability to coherently vocalise their message. This is important for the employee so that if a customer asks him about information, he will able to answer so the customer understands them and it is also important to the business so that the customer can give good customer feedback. Following instructions: This element is essential to any role which an individual may apply for. It is natural to follow the hierarchal order, even if taking orders may be the case as stated in the individuals employment contract. It is the employers right to take any grievance, disciplinary action against the staff member if she/he refuses to complete a task stated on their contact as this has been agreed both contractually and verbally at the beginning of the employees contract. For example, if every member of staff does not follow what has been asked from them, the business could lose out on precious time and money. Conclusion Organisation Structure is a key element in the running of a business as it applies to both the employers and its employees. Its importance also lies in that it gives a clear indication of how information can be shared or passed down within the organisation; in order for this happen there must be a link of communication between the senders and receivers. This is achieved by communication flowing up or down the hierarchy. Having an organisational chart makes this process easier as it clearly shows the hierarchy within the organisation, so that communication can be made more effective as the sender/receiver will be able to control their own communicational methods thus avoiding confusion. This enables the business to make communication more convenient and effective for all staff thus allowing departments to inter-liaise and continue information sharing in an effective manner. These are just a few of the benefits an organisation chart has on the business. On the other hand, Organisational culture has been defined by Afsaneh Nahavandi as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. set of beliefs, customs, practices and ways of thinking that they have come to share with each other through being and working together. Culture varies greatly between organisations and some business can be warm and friendly whereas some can be hard and unfriendly. And this is proved over and over again by looking at some of the above case studys and how it this can affect the performance of the business itself. Finally we looked into various job roles within any business and their significance. And we also looked into various personnel attributes of an employee and their significance to the employee himself/herself and their employer too. One of those simple example being If an employee not bother about his personal development then: The employer will not be able to help employee to plan his or her career. The employer will not be able to assess future potential or suitability for promotion. The employer will not be able to identify training and development requirements for that employee. The employer will not be able to assist the employee to create a personal development plan for the next period and set key targets for achievement.

Essay --

There have been many instances in history where people have overthrown their current government in order to create a new, better government in its place; we can see this especially in the American and French Revolutions and even in the Communist Revolution in Russia. Revolution is â€Å"a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.† This type of behavior is intended by Thomas Paine and John Locke—who believed in recovering natural rights for all—but also by Karl Marx who strongly believed all institutions should be broken down completely; these influential leaders had opposite ideas for the future of not only their nations but the nations of the world, they both had supporters to spread and implement their ideas in society. Although both sides led significant revolutions, ultimately the revolution that recuperated self-evident truths prevailed over the revolution that’s intent was to destroy religion, family, and all other institutions. Karl Marx, the founder of communism, strongly believed that his revolution would be the last; he believed it would incorporate the whole world. According to Marx, four steps would take place for there to be total communism: feudalism, liberalism, socialist revolution, and then communism. Liberalism (and capitalism) would take the place of feudalism and would enrich the few at the expense of the working poor. After this, the socialist revolution would ensure that the proletariat (working poor) would seize all private businesses and redistribute the wealth equally among all. Only after this took place, could communist truly take reign at the global level. â€Å"The modern bourgeoisie society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class anta... ...pendence in the French revolution. The Declaration of Independence has served an important role in history as well as in modern society and uncovers the American values we still live by. Despite the ruthless attempt for complete communism, communism failed. It proved to be inefficient. Self-evident truths proved to be more successful in government and have lasted the test of time. Marx failed to understand the importance of institutions in society and the necessity of human values. By destroying family and religion, Marx is also destroying human desire to succeed. Society is always aiming to improve. If all were equal in the economic sense, society would be at a plateau because competition would seize. People want to work toward some goal or for a cause such as family or property. To recover self-evident truths is to ensure the growth and proficiency of society. Essay -- There have been many instances in history where people have overthrown their current government in order to create a new, better government in its place; we can see this especially in the American and French Revolutions and even in the Communist Revolution in Russia. Revolution is â€Å"a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.† This type of behavior is intended by Thomas Paine and John Locke—who believed in recovering natural rights for all—but also by Karl Marx who strongly believed all institutions should be broken down completely; these influential leaders had opposite ideas for the future of not only their nations but the nations of the world, they both had supporters to spread and implement their ideas in society. Although both sides led significant revolutions, ultimately the revolution that recuperated self-evident truths prevailed over the revolution that’s intent was to destroy religion, family, and all other institutions. Karl Marx, the founder of communism, strongly believed that his revolution would be the last; he believed it would incorporate the whole world. According to Marx, four steps would take place for there to be total communism: feudalism, liberalism, socialist revolution, and then communism. Liberalism (and capitalism) would take the place of feudalism and would enrich the few at the expense of the working poor. After this, the socialist revolution would ensure that the proletariat (working poor) would seize all private businesses and redistribute the wealth equally among all. Only after this took place, could communist truly take reign at the global level. â€Å"The modern bourgeoisie society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class anta... ...pendence in the French revolution. The Declaration of Independence has served an important role in history as well as in modern society and uncovers the American values we still live by. Despite the ruthless attempt for complete communism, communism failed. It proved to be inefficient. Self-evident truths proved to be more successful in government and have lasted the test of time. Marx failed to understand the importance of institutions in society and the necessity of human values. By destroying family and religion, Marx is also destroying human desire to succeed. Society is always aiming to improve. If all were equal in the economic sense, society would be at a plateau because competition would seize. People want to work toward some goal or for a cause such as family or property. To recover self-evident truths is to ensure the growth and proficiency of society.

Marketing – Delta Faucets

Delta Faucets – Final Project One of the most luxurious and exquisite brands in the world of faucets and bathroom fittings is Delta Faucets. The branding of Delta has been a very remarkable process – it targets the highest niche of the market with its products that have the highest finish and technological innovation. It is compelling to think how technology could be introduced in bathroom fittings and faucets. Delta faucets are embedded with technologically innovative ideas and thus are distinctive in nature from all of its competitor products. Marketing Mix Analysis Overview Established in 1954 as a home improvement and building products, Delta Faucet Company is a subsidiary of Masco Corporation. This company is one of the largest manufacturers of home fittings and building products. The company has been very innovative in the faucets business and its business philosophy has made it adopt an innovative approach to the traditional business of manufacturing home fittings. The company manufactures a wide range of home fitting products but apart from that, it has a list of patented designs and products to its credit. This includes a variety of breakthrough technologies and innovative ideas that have led to faucets being more intelligent than just ordinary home fittings. Targeted distinctively for corporate offices and exquisite homes, Delta Faucet products are not for the ordinary people. The products marketing campaign is equally exquisite and yet simple. The website of the company shows the innovative ideas that have been the reason for its success in the business and a targeted marketing strategy for corporate offices has been the key to its distinguishment from other products in the marketplace. This paper will analyze the marketing mix of Delta Faucets and dissect the different elements of its marketing strategy that have been crucial to its success. Product Delta Faucet products are home fittings and building materials that simply defy the convention. The products of Delta Faucet are value-added in that they are the result of innovation and technological embedding – Delta Faucets enabling it to be the market leader in innovative faucets and fittings patent most of these designs. The product comes in lavish packaging however, since Delta Faucet hones the â€Å"green† paradigm, the packaging is biodegradable but manages to provide the buyer an exquisite image well. Pricing Bathroom fittings and kitchen fittings that cost as much as tyre cars are the norm for Delta Faucet products. It should be remembered that Delta does not target a large population – rather it skims the top most segment of the market. It would rather be that Delta Faucets are used for corporate bathrooms than for private home fittings (Etzel, Walker, Walker & Stanton, 2003). Delta Faucet prices well above its nearest competitors enabling it to reach the premiums of high pricing. Placement Delta Faucet is not short of outlets for placing its faucets. It operates in more than 53 countries using an efficient supply chain network with reduced lead-time. The company has an extensive network of distributors and retailers that sell Delta Faucets products throughout North America and Europe. The use of information systems in its supply chain network has been one of the strongest plus factors for Delta Faucet enabling it to strengthen its placement strategies (Pelyco, 2003). Promotional Mix Delta Faucet manages to market its products using a variety of strategies: in spite of being a luxury product, Delta Faucet has been able to stir its demand over the years using corporate magazine marketing as the primary tool (About Delta, 2009). A combination of viral marketing amongst the corporate world (through secretaries of executives) is the most relied upon form of promotion at Delta Faucets. It also houses exquisite showrooms and display centers for the people that are abounded by physical marketing and the â€Å"touch and feel† of things. It is perhaps this strategy that is the most consistent with Delta Faucets. Overall, Delta Faucet has been very pervasive in its marketing and promotional strategies. It has strived to make sure that it is chosen by the top-notch sector of the society by constantly dwelling on copyright technology and innovation. Delta Faucet projects itself as a brand that is for the elite; keeping this into view, it can be concluded that the price and promotional strategy of the product are well in tandem with the products image and nature (Pride & Ferrell, 2007). Delta Faucet needs no revision of its marketing strategy: it only needs to broaden its horizons. Turning from an exquisite product to a luxury product high in demand amongst wider elite would be a better strategy for the company – and this is what Delta Faucets should be eyeing for in the near future in order to stand out against its competitors in this fiery era of globalization and expand its profitability. References About Delta (2009). Delta Faucet Company: Who are We? Retrieved on December 15, 2009 from: http://www. deltafaucetcompany. com/company/whoweare. html Etzel, M. J. , Walker, B. J. , Walker, S. , & Stanton, W. J. (2000). Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Pelyco (2003). Delta Faucet Company achieves continued success with Peyco Supply Chain visibility solution. Retrieved on December 15, 2009 from: http://www. pelyco. com/press_release_02_20_03. htm Pride, W. , Ferrell, O. C. (2007). Foundations of Marketing: Revised Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.